A greater number of whites were prosecuted for crack offenses in state courts. Among them were districts that encompass such major cities as Chicago, Indianapolis and Houston. Nineteen of the nation's 94 federal court districts, excluding island territories Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, didn’t send a single white defendant to federal prison on crack charges from 1991 through 1995.
From 1991 through 1995, the ratio was more than 13 blacks imprisoned for every white defendant locked behind bars.
Most crack users were and still are white, according to federal surveys, but blacks were sent to federal prison nearly seven times more often for crack offenses from 1991 to 2016. In a yearlong investigation, the Asbury Park Press and the USA TODAY NETWORK examined hundreds of thousands of arrest records and federal drug convictions nationwide over the past 30 years and found: To be sure, millions of whites have been arrested and prosecuted for drug crimes as well – but the black arrest rate has been and remains out of proportion to black Americans' share of the U.S. Opioids have changed the way America looks at drug users, but it hasn't changed the fact that blacks are punished more severely than whites for drug crimes, even though drug use within the two racial groups is roughly the same. “The crack years was one of the most racist periods of our government,” he said. Stutman, the special agent in charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration New York City office during the 1980s war against crack. “If the (crack) addicts were predominantly white, instead of black, we would have offered them treatment, as we do now,” said Robert M. 
Costello and Brian Johnston, Asbury Park Press
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